A slowdown in processing by the Trump administration's immigration offices has resulted in a backlog of applications for citizenship, green cards, and work permits reaching 7.5 million, according to agency data. When including those awaiting decisions for asylum, work visas, and humanitarian stays, the total backlog exceeds 12.1 million.
The delays have placed many individuals in legal limbo, making them susceptible to arrest by ICE agents and potential deportation, despite following legal procedures to remain in the U.S. Officials attribute the delays to a new focus on stricter vetting and a reduction in workforce due to retirements at U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS).
Critics argue that these delays are a tactic to increase arrests and deportations by creating legal vulnerabilities for immigrants. Sarah Pierce, a former USCIS policy analyst, described the situation as akin to entrapment, stating that the administration is using various tools to increase the number of individuals at risk of deportation.
Reports indicate that individuals with pending applications, including those who entered the U.S. legally, have been arrested while traveling domestically. Unauthorized immigrants married to U.S. citizens have also faced arrests during their application interviews, and refugees eligible for permanent residency have been detained while their cases are processed.
USCIS spokesperson Zach Kahler stated that the agency is committed to reducing backlogs through a data-driven approach aimed at enhancing efficiency and integrity in the immigration system. The administration has indicated plans to increase scrutiny on all types of applications.
As of June 2026, there were approximately 2 million more individuals awaiting case decisions compared to June 2024, with over 5.6 million waiting more than six months. Processing times for citizenship applications have doubled from five months to about ten months, and Cubans seeking permanent residency now face waits exceeding 21 months. The number of 'Dreamers' awaiting decisions on work authorization has also significantly increased, with 1.3 million individuals waiting more than six months, up from 556,000 two years prior.