The U.S. military will soon offer testosterone deficiency screening and replacement therapy as part of a new readiness initiative announced by War Secretary Pete Hegseth. The initiative, referred to as the "High-T" program, will require testosterone blood tests for service members over the age of 30 during physical examinations, while hormonal replacement therapy will be available as an optional treatment for those found to have deficiencies.
Testosterone plays a vital role in male reproductive development and is important for maintaining muscle mass, bone density, and mental health. Levels of testosterone typically decline by about 1% per year after age 30, which can lead to various health issues.
Hegseth stated that the program aims to ensure that service members have optimal testosterone levels for peak performance. He emphasized the military's responsibility to enhance the health and readiness of its personnel.
However, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) carries potential risks, including links to prostate cancer and increased cardiovascular risks, which the FDA is currently reviewing. Approximately 25% of men in the U.S. are estimated to meet the criteria for testosterone deficiency, with a total serum testosterone level of less than 300 nanograms per deciliter.
Studies indicate that military personnel may be at a higher risk for low testosterone due to the stresses of military life, including deployment. Research has suggested that TRT may benefit service members both physically and mentally, particularly in combat situations.
The initiative has raised questions about its applicability to female service members, as Hegseth's announcement did not clarify whether they would also undergo hormone testing. The Pentagon has not provided comments regarding the inclusion of women in the program or the differences in hormone treatment protocols for biological males versus females.
The FDA has recently begun revising labeling information related to TRT, particularly concerning its cardiovascular risks and connections to prostate cancer, although these changes are still under consideration. The Pentagon has not commented on whether it is collaborating with the FDA on this initiative.