Saudi Arabia possesses a sophisticated military arsenal, including American warplanes and missile defense systems. However, recent missile and drone attacks from the Houthi rebel group in Yemen have raised concerns about the effectiveness of these defenses. The attacks have resulted in at least 14 fatalities and disrupted daily life in Saudi cities, prompting investigations into the failures of the country's air defenses.
The Houthis, who are supported by Iran, have evolved from a militia into a significant military force, posing threats to Saudi Arabia's oil production and supply routes in the Red Sea. The conflict stems from Saudi Arabia's support of the Yemeni government against the Houthis, who are seeking to overthrow it.
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, Saudi Arabia is the largest purchaser of American weapons, receiving 12% of U.S. arms exports from 2021 to 2025. The country has allocated $83 billion for military expenditures in its 2026 budget and recently secured a $9 billion deal for Patriot missiles.
Despite its military capabilities, Saudi Arabia faces challenges due to its vast territory, which complicates the interception of attacks. Analysts have noted that the country is running low on interceptors and has sought assistance from allies. A recent defense pact with Pakistan and Turkey has not yet resulted in significant support.
The Houthis have demonstrated their ability to conduct asymmetric warfare, utilizing drones and missiles effectively. Their attacks have targeted various locations, including airports and oil installations, and they have gained confidence from previous engagements against Israel.
Experts suggest that Saudi Arabia may respond with airstrikes against the Houthis while avoiding a ground invasion of Yemen. The Houthis, who control about one-third of Yemen, have significantly increased their military strength since the onset of the civil war in 2015, with estimates of their forces reaching up to 350,000 fighters by 2024.
The relationship between the Houthis and Iran is characterized as symbiotic, with both sides learning from each other's military strategies. Recent successes have emboldened the Houthis, but analysts warn that they may face a strong counterattack from Saudi Arabia in the future.