In recent months, several major US book publishers, including HarperCollins, Simon & Schuster, and Hachette, have begun integrating artificial intelligence (AI) tools into their operations without public announcements or author consent. Interviews with over two dozen employees, who requested anonymity, reveal that these publishers are using AI models like Claude and ChatGPT for various tasks, including communication with literary agents, writing promotional materials, and designing cover art.
Despite public opposition to AI, particularly concerning copyright issues, employees report that the use of AI in generating publicity copy has become common. An editor noted that many respected authors have had their books canceled due to concerns over AI usage, although these instances often remain unreported.
At HarperCollins, senior management acquired licenses for AI tools but struggled with implementation. Employees were designated as 'AI Champions' to explore potential applications. Concerns raised during brainstorming sessions about the ethical implications of AI were dismissed by leadership, who characterized them as 'the cost of doing business.'
The average entry-level salary for publishing employees in New York City was reported at $47,583 in 2023, prompting some staff to express frustration over the prioritization of AI software over salary increases. Staff at HarperCollins also reported that AI-generated marketing videos and publicity materials are becoming standard practice, raising concerns about the authenticity of engagement with readers and media.
Meg Reid, publisher of Hub City Press, acknowledged that larger publishers are likely to adopt AI for efficiency, contrasting with smaller publishers that emphasize human involvement. Literary agents have also noted suspicions that AI is being used to draft rejection letters, leading to the inclusion of clauses in contracts to prevent authors' work from being processed through AI systems.
Hachette's spokesperson stated that the company supports AI for operational purposes but not for creative uses. Simon & Schuster's global chief marketing officer confirmed that employees have access to vetted AI tools but emphasized that usage is not mandatory. In May 2024, Simon & Schuster held a contest to encourage innovative AI applications, which led to some rollback of AI initiatives following employee complaints.
Concerns about AI's potential to compromise authors' unpublished work have led agents to advocate for clearer guidelines on AI usage in publishing. Employees from Simon & Schuster have begun an open letter campaign against the introduction of Skan AI, a tool linked to surveillance and automation, following news of its exploration by the company.
HarperCollins CEO Brian Murray previously stated that AI offers more opportunities than risks for publishers, and there is ongoing discussion about AI's role in translation and publishing. Industry professionals are calling for transparency regarding AI usage to alleviate current uncertainties and ensure ethical practices in the publishing process.