Experts emphasize the importance of early conversations about artificial intelligence (AI) for children under age 8, as significant brain development occurs during these years. Young children encounter AI technologies, such as smart assistants like Amazon's Alexa and Apple's Siri, in various settings including home, childcare, and school. Lauren Girouard, a researcher at Harvard Graduate School of Education and the University of Michigan, notes that preschool-aged children can learn from technology, and early evidence suggests they process AI information similarly to other digital content.
Girouard stated, "We know that AI-powered learning tutors can be really valuable," but cautioned that interactions with at-home AI systems differ from educational tools. Experts recommend using interactions with AI assistants to help children differentiate between human and computer responses. Jennifer Katzenstein, co-director of the Center for Behavioral Health at Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital, advises parents to explain to children when they are interacting with a computer.
Dr. Jenny Radesky, division director of developmental behavioral pediatrics at the University of Michigan School of Medicine, highlights the need to clarify that AI, despite having a friendly voice, is not human. She shared an anecdote about her son, who believed Siri was a real person until he was 7. Radesky suggests using concrete terms to explain AI's limitations, such as its inability to experience emotions or physical sensations.
Dr. Molly O'Shea, a pediatrician with the American Academy of Pediatrics, encourages parents to engage in problem-solving discussions with their children instead of relying on AI for answers. Experts caution against the use of AI toys for children under 5, as they may pose risks and lack developmental benefits. Common Sense Media has advised parents to avoid AI toys for young children and exercise caution for those aged 6 to 12, citing concerns about inappropriate content and privacy risks.
Katzenstein emphasizes the importance of preparing children to think critically about technology, as they may encounter AI toys in social settings. Radesky notes that AI toys do not provide the same developmental benefits as traditional play, which involves human interaction and imaginative exploration. O'Shea adds that replacing human interaction with AI can limit children's emotional and social development.
Radesky concludes that the current balance leans towards more risks than benefits regarding AI toys for young children. Girouard points out that AI-generated content on platforms like YouTube can be problematic due to its lower educational quality. She compares it to sugary cereals, stating that while it may appear appealing, it often lacks substantive value. Radesky recommends parents choose non-AI-generated content, such as classic animated films, to ensure quality viewing experiences for their children. Experts agree that while screen time is inevitable, it is crucial to balance it with screen-free activities that foster resilience skills necessary in an AI-driven world.